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The classification of human language originally proposed by Jakobson for the only human language can be usefully adapted to the languages \u200b\u200bof non-human animals.

Jakobson identifies six main functions for the language. Each function is centered on one element of each speech event.

now discuss in general the various functions.

1. the expressive function , is one in which the most important aspect of the message is the manifestation of the emotions of the issuer. E 'such that when a vervet likely indicates the presence of his companions is not only a predator, "describing" in the abstract and neutral to the outside world, but instead takes part in a strong and involving. This means that any use of language always involves some emotional involvement of the sender.
2. the phatic function is in place when the exchange of signals used to maintain group cohesion. In this type of interactions are not exchanged information about the environment, but no signs of aggression, of openness to other group members.
3. The metalinguistic function signals are exchanged for other signals, such as in the game, in which the signals that precede the interaction metalinguistic play real alert the recipient that the subsequent signs of aggression should not be taken seriously.
4. The conative function is one in which language is used to force the recipient of a type of behavior, and the signals of aggression, are specifically intended to modify the behavior of the recipient without engaging in actual combat.
5. the referential function SENSE OR , is one in which language is used to communicate with regard to objects or events in the outside world, as when bees inform the bees of the hive's location and distance of some flowers from the hive.
6. the aesthetic function, finally, is where is especially true for himself and not for what referential communication: some of courtship songs of some birds do not seem to have a precise value of information, but be for just a sort of chant, in which what it's worth - as, indeed, happens for our songs - and especially the melody and not just the content (especially in this function has the meaning of the signal, not its meaning.)

cognitive function, essential function of language, Jakobson does not include in his model. In fact, the proposal appears to be based on Jakobson engineering model of communication, which leaves little room for the cognitive dimension, and especially that models the transmission of signals between machines, not just because these are problems of interpretation .

Cimatti F. (1998) Mind and language in animals - Carrocci