conative function: using signals changes behavior recipient
Using the signals acting on the animal world, including also the recipients of signals (F. conative). Ethology has traditionally privileged this feature, considering it the only one present in the languages \u200b\u200bof non-human animals.
dolphins An example:
Of particular interest is the world made of acoustic echoes, allowing the dolphins to perceive not only the distance but also the shape, size, thickness of objects or other living things he meets on his journey. These mammals have a rich "vocabulary" as well as whistling, grunting and screaming, they can emit a wide range of sounds audible to us humans, as well as emit ultrasonic frequencies too high for our limited bodies aids. A group of researchers of the National Research Council (CNR) has recently tested these animals in the coexistence of two types different language, one for "play" and the other to "communicate" with the group. Dolphins talk, but with their group using a "dialect" special, which develops over time and becomes a vehicle for the recognition between individuals of the same community. "Dolphins - says Massimo Azzali CNR - communicate using two languages, or audible signals: the sounds (frequency 20kHz), these signals of vocalizations, and ultrasound (frequency between 20 and 200 kHz), these signals sonar or echolocation." The two vocalizations are very different: the former are innate and are produced at a specific event: in general reflect the reaction "emotional" to an external stimulus of the dolphin. In courtship, when they're afraid, when they get mad when they are stressed and in many occasions, these super-intelligent mammals emit frequencies from 20kHz. As cries of spontaneous and immediate visible at all difficult to be issued and to be understood. The sonar signals from 20 to 200 kHz but are more difficult to learn and understand. "The sharing of perceptions / evocations arising from sonar signals - continues Azzali - you learn over time and require that the community has formed a common language, sonar, or a wireless sound-acoustic images that applies to the entire community." Yes can therefore be assumed that the language of a group sonar requires a long learning period by its junior members because it contains many elements typical of an exclusive community. And that is why the dolphins have to live a long learning period before forming a group with whom to share the language. A slow and complicated training to enable them to move in the jungle of the sonar signals of other group members to learn to listen and speak the same language. Only after this long learning process created strong social bonds. "With the reports echo-images - make Azzali - valid for all members of the community, social relationships are born. From our studies show that different groups use the language of the echoes in different ways. " In any case, using echolocation dolphins are able to communicate with each other by name. But when you start learning? According to the researcher of the CNR's pet dolphin begins to learn the language even sonar from the maternal womb "because it sounds almost the same way they propagate into the ocean and the mother's body." The learning continues from birth to four years and then only by the mother and then through the rest of the group. One last question: Dolphins sleep floating on the surface and one-half of their brain remains intent on ensuring.